Quimioterapia intensiva asociada a imatinib en leucemia linfoblástica aguda del adulto, Philadelphia positivo. Experiencia en un hospital público / Intensive chemotherapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Background: Before the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), patients with Philadelphia-positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Ph+ALL) had a poor prognosis. The association of TKIs to intensive chemotherapy (CT) improved outcome. Aim: To evaluate results of an intensive CT protocol including TKI in a public hospital in Santiago, Chile. Material and Methods: All patients with Ph+ALL diagnosed between January 2010 and February 2019, and who met inclusion criteria for intensive CT, received the Ph+ALL national protocol in association with imatinib and were included in this analysis. Results: Thirty-five patients aged 15 to 59 years received treatment. Complete response (CR) was obtained in 97%. Measurable residual disease (MRD) was negative in 61% (19/31 evaluable cases) during follow-up, and 55% (16/29) were MRD (-) before three months. Relapse was observed in 13 cases. Three patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), two in CR1. The overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) at three years were 52 and 34%, respectively. In patients who achieved MRD negativity before three months, no statistically significant differences in OS (64 and 42% respectively, p = 0.15) or EFS (35 and 32% respectively, p = 0.37) were observed. Conclusions: The prognosis of Ph+ALL improved with the association of imatinib to intensive CT. MRD-negative status before three months in this series was not significantly associated with better outcomes. Our series suggests that the Ph+ALL national protocol associated to TKI is a therapeutic alternative with high CR and aceptable MRD (-) rates.

Primeros diez trasplantes autólogos de progenitores hematopoyéticos en adultos, en el servicio público de salud en Chile / First ten hematopoietic stem cell transplants performed in the adult public health service in Chile

Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an effective therapy for hematological diseases such as lymphoma and multiple myeloma. In 2004, the Cancer Unit of the Ministry of Health incorporated the HSCT to the National Cancer Program in Adults. Until 2008 we purchased services to private institutions while implementing the national center for HSCT of adults in the Hospital del Salvador. Aim: To report the first ten HSCT conducted in this center. Material and Methods: All cases were approved by a national commission for adult HSCT. The entire process was carried out based on evidence-based protocols. Results: Six patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, three with multiple myeloma and one with a diffuse large B cell lymphoma were transplanted. Age range was 19 to 48 years and five patients were male. An average of 2.2 aphereses per patient was required. The CD 34 stem cell collection was 5.06 x 10(6) x Kg. The conditioning regimes were BEAM (carmus-tine, etoposide, cytosine arabinoside, melphalan) and melphalan 200 according to the underlying disease. Seventy percent of the patients developed mild to moderate mucositis and 50% had febrile neutropenia, with good response to treatment. In two cases there was an association with influenza. The engraftment of neutrophils and platelets was achieved on day +10 and +11 respectively. At follow-up until day +100, there was no morbidity or mortality. Conclusions: These results confirm the quality standard that this intervention has achieved in our institution. The Chilean National Center for HSCT on Adults should be established as a public core care, teaching and research facility.

Cáncer de cuello uterino: factores sociales, clínicos y reproductivos asociados con lesiones precursoras / Cancer of the uterine cervix social, clinical and reproductive factors associated to precursor lesions

La neoplasia intraepitelial cervical es una lesión preinvasora que precede al cáncer cervicouterino. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los factores sociales, clínicos y reproductivos que se relacionan con dicha neoplasia, en una población derechohabiente del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), residente de la ciudad de México. Diseño: estudio de casos y controles prolectivo.Lugar de estudio: unidades de atención médica de tercer y primer nivel de atención.Casos: mujeres con diagnóstico histopatológico de primera vez de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical. Controles: Se identificaron dos tipos: comunitario (control 1), mujeres con dos estudios de papanicolaou negativos a displasia, adscritas a unidades de medicina familiar de la misma zona de referencia de los casos; hospitalario (control 2), mujeres con patología ginecológica benigna, negativas a neoplasia intraepitelial o cáncer de cérvix, de la misma unidad de tercer nivel de atención de los casos de referencia.Mediciones: entrevistas a las pacientes por personal capacitado para identificar variables sociales, clínicas y reproductivas. Se llevaron a cabo medidas de frecuencia, comparación de rangos para muestras independientes por U de Mann-Whitney, razones de riesgo y análisis de regresión logística no condicionada, para medir la asociación ajustada por otras variables. Se calcularon intervalos de confianza a 95 por ciento.Resultados: se estudiaron 150 casos, 157 con-troles comunitarios y 99 controles hospitalarios. Los principales factores de riesgo fueron el antecedente de cinco o más partos, la positividad a enfermedades de transmisión sexual, el mayor número de parejas sexuales, el antecedente positivo a cáncer cervicouterino y la edad para el primer control de papanicolaou después de los 40 años.Conclusiones: los factores reproductivos y sexuales definen claramente a población en riesgo para desarrollar neoplasia intraepitelial cervical. Las diferencias observadas entre los dos tipos de controles se deben principalmente a la relación de algunos factores con la patología ginecológica benigna de base, que hacen subestimar dicha asociación.